在设备驱动程序中,一般需要关心两个结构体:file 和 inode。
1. file 结构体
file 结构体代表一个打开的文件,系统中每个打开的文件在内核空间都有一个关联的 struct file。
它由内核在打开文件时创建,并传递给在文件上进行操作的任何函数。在文件的所有实例都关闭后,内核释放这个数据结构。
注:在内核和驱动源代码中,struct file 的指针通常被命名为 file 或 filp(即 file pointer)。
struct file { union { struct llist_node fu_llist; struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead; } f_u; struct path f_path; struct inode *f_inode;/* cached value */ const struct file_operations *f_op;/* 和文件关联的操作 */ /* * Protects f_ep_links, f_flags. * Must not be taken from IRQ context. */ spinlock_t f_lock; enum rw_hint f_write_hint; atomic_long_t f_count; unsigned int f_flags;/* 文件标志,如O_RDONLY、O_NONBLOCK、O_SYNC */ fmode_t f_mode;/* 文件读/写模式,FMODE_READ、FMODE_WRITE */ struct mutex f_pos_lock; loff_t f_pos;/* 当前读写位置 */ struct fown_struct f_owner; const struct cred *f_cred; struct file_ra_state f_ra; u64 f_version; #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY void *f_security; #endif /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */ void *private_data; /* 文件私有数据 */ #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */ struct list_head f_ep_links; struct list_head f_tfile_llink; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */ struct address_space *f_mapping; errseq_t f_wb_err; } __randomize_layout __attribute__((aligned(4)));/* lest something weird decides that 2 is OK */ struct file_handle { __u32 handle_bytes; int handle_type; /* file identifier */ unsigned char f_handle[0]; };
文件读/写模式 mode、标志 f_flags 都是设备驱动关心的内容,而私有数据指针 private_data 在设备驱动中被广泛应用,大多被指向设备驱动自定义以用于描述设备的结构体。
2. inode 结构体
VFS inode 包含文件访问权限、属主、组、大小、生成时间、访问时间、最后修改事件等信息。它是 Linux 管理文件系统的基本单位,也是文件系统连接任何子目录、文件的桥梁,inode 结构体的定义如下:
struct inode {
umode_t i_mode; /* inode的权限 */
unsigned short i_opflags;
kuid_t i_uid; /* inode拥有者的id */
kgid_t i_gid; /* inode所属的群组id */
unsigned int i_flags;
#ifdef CONFIG_FS_POSIX_ACL
struct posix_acl *i_acl;
struct posix_acl *i_default_acl;
#endif
const struct inode_operations *i_op;
struct super_block *i_sb;
struct address_space *i_mapping;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *i_security;
#endif
/* Stat data, not accessed from path walking */
unsigned long i_ino;
/*
* Filesystems may only read i_nlink directly. They shall use the
* following functions for modification:
*
* (set|clear|inc|drop)_nlink
* inode_(inc|dec)_link_count
*/
union {
const unsigned int i_nlink;
unsigned int __i_nlink;
};
dev_t i_rdev; /* 若是设备文件,此字段将记录设备的设备号 */
loff_t i_size; /* inode所代表的文件大小 */
struct timespec i_atime; /* inode最近一次的存取时间 */
struct timespec i_mtime; /* inode最近一次的修改时间 */
struct timespec i_ctime; /* inode的产生时间 */
spinlock_t i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
unsigned short i_bytes;
unsigned int i_blkbits;
enum rw_hint i_write_hint;
blkcnt_t i_blocks; /* inode所使用的block数,一个block为512字节 */
#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
seqcount_t i_size_seqcount;
#endif
/* Misc */
unsigned long i_state;
struct rw_semaphore i_rwsem;
unsigned long dirtied_when; /* jiffies of first dirtying */
unsigned long dirtied_time_when;
struct hlist_node i_hash;
struct list_head i_io_list; /* backing dev IO list */
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK
struct bdi_writeback *i_wb; /* the associated cgroup wb */
/* foreign inode detection, see wbc_detach_inode() */
int i_wb_frn_winner;
u16 i_wb_frn_avg_time;
u16 i_wb_frn_history;
#endif
struct list_head i_lru; /* inode LRU list */
struct list_head i_sb_list;
struct list_head i_wb_list; /* backing dev writeback list */
union {
struct hlist_head i_dentry;
struct rcu_head i_rcu;
};
u64 i_version;
atomic_t i_count;
atomic_t i_dio_count;
atomic_t i_writecount;
#ifdef CONFIG_IMA
atomic_t i_readcount; /* struct files open RO */
#endif
const struct file_operations *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
struct file_lock_context *i_flctx;
struct address_space i_data;
struct list_head i_devices;
union {
struct pipe_inode_info *i_pipe;
struct block_device *i_bdev; /* 若是块设备,为其对应的block_device结构体指针 */
struct cdev *i_cdev; /* 若是字符设备,为其对应的cdev结构体指针 */
char *i_link;
unsigned i_dir_seq;
};
__u32 i_generation;
#ifdef CONFIG_FSNOTIFY
__u32 i_fsnotify_mask; /* all events this inode cares about */
struct fsnotify_mark_connector __rcu *i_fsnotify_marks;
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_ENCRYPTION)
struct fscrypt_info *i_crypt_info;
#endif
void *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
} __randomize_layout;